近日中信泰富的事情弄得越來越大，似乎一日投資者得不到一個合理的解釋，一日他們都不會罷休。集團賬面損失，與其投資項目本身的體積相比，注碼絕對是下得太大了，所以有人認為集團內一定是有人利用公司錢去賭博。我們可以試想像一下以下的過程，正如一個賭恆生指數期貨的人，恆指急跌，跌到１８０００點時，他認為非常接近底部，所以他在那個水平出擊，買期指。誰知道恆指再急跌多一千點。因為１８０００點是底部，這個想法對他來說是非常堅定的，所以即使恆指再跌多一千點，他都只會認為那是接近底部的波幅，所以絕對不會在１７０００點平倉認輸。而這個想法亦導致他在１７０００點，更大手地去買期指。因為只要恆指一反彈，如反彈到１７５００點，他便不用輸，還可以多贏５００點。當然最後的結果便是事與願違，恆指續跌，跌至現在的１４０００點，而他因為中途加了注碼，所以輸得更加大。我相信中信泰富汪碼下大了也可能是經歷了這個過程。
現在連藍籌一天都可以跌５０％以上，還有什麼股票是安全的？在電視上看見有投資專家推薦房地產投資信託基金，即是REITs，如冠君產業信託，領匯等等。推薦的原因是它們風險低，息率高。其實我本身不是太喜歡這類產品，因為它給我的印象是，它們都是一些大地產公司的玩具。此時此刻，市場上應該只有一隻，便是香港政府分折的領匯，現價是比上市價高的，而其他全部股價都是潛水的。為什麼我會認為它們是大地產公司的玩具？去年經濟好，物業價值自然水漲船高，地產公司便以當時的高價把手上的物業沽給這些REITs，然後再上市賣給投資者。
近日全部REITs的股價都大跌，除了是受大市影響之外，還有因為基本因素正在改變。大家預期香港物業價格將會下跌，使得REITs的每股NAV下跌。而REITs跟一般股票不同之處，便是它們的負債比率一定要低於總資產的45%。所以當REITs的物業價值被下調時，高負債的REITs便有機會違反了此條例。市場害怕它們有再集資的需要，所以在有可能配股或供股的情況下，投資者還是先沽為妙。現在如果投資者真是想投資REITs，盡量不要買那些以高檔寫字樓為物業的。因為它們的租金上落比較大。前幾年持續好景，租金已經處於一個非常高的水平，來年它的租金收入一定會下跌。所以投資者最好選擇那些比較低檔的物業，而領匯便是一個最好的例子，因為它的客戶都是銷售些比較日常生活的產品，故受經濟影響比較小。而市場也反映了這一點，所以領匯的股價表現較其他同類為好。
2008年10月24日星期五
2008年10月23日星期四
蔡東豪--第壹流：金融海嘯我學到的十件事
蔡東豪--第壹流：金融海嘯我學到的十件事（22-10-2008)
第壹流金融海嘯我學到的十件事
計算財富的話，我比幾星期前窮了不少。原先計劃五十歲前退休，現在可能要押後五至十年。我寄望醫學會不停進步，到退休時我仍有強健的身體享受人生。凡事要向好的一面看，財富不應眼於金錢，若果以智慧計算，我比幾星期前富有了不少，而這財富誰也不可從我身上拿走。這幾星期眼巴巴看自己的財富蒸發，但那股充滿智慧的感覺是我首次感受到。我要跟大家分享金融海嘯教曉我關於投資的十件事︰
一、所有股票皆危險，不管它是藍籌與否。藍籌股中，我以為和黃的抗跌能力應較高，因為它的多元化業務遍布全球，可分散投資風險。過去三年，和黃股價大多在70元至80元之間徘徊，它現價不足50元。《壹週刊》讀者的愛股宏利，它的股價兩週內跌三成，二三線股慘況更不消提。市盈率低至三至四倍，股息逾十釐的工業股處處可見，投資者執平貨不知從哪開始。
二、BuyAndHold策略潰不成軍。三年前閣下以85元購入長實，其間股價升至155元，假如沒賣出的話，這個理應穩健的長期投資現值72元。或者做一位價值投資者的首要條件是長命，畢菲特78歲仍不停作長期投資，我的退休計劃非自願地延至60歲看來並不過分。
三、所有人都輸錢。我有一位世叔伯退休後全職投資，他不沾手股票，只玩外匯，投資風險屬於穩陣派；他對日圓和澳元特別有心得。他的近況怎樣？我相信不用多說，他已兩星期沒有回覆我電話。
四、金錢不是萬物之惡，債才是。回顧歷史，幾次金融危機的成因都是負債過多，但借錢之前我們總是忽然失憶；銀行借錢給你和追你還錢時嘴臉的分別可以很大。時裝連鎖店佑威被債權人申請清盤，據聞原因是公司無力償還銀行12億元債務。我有個疑問，一間年賺不足一億元的中型公司，怎可以借到12億元？不計還本，每年利息起碼七至八千萬元！這是佑威抑或是銀行的錯？
五、「互不相干」（Decoupling）理論是廢話。發達國家和發展國家，股票和債券，外匯和商品，所有投資工具全線下跌，最需要分散投資發揮效用的時候，它偏偏失靈。把雞蛋放在一個和多個籃的分別原來不大，結果都是輸。我現在仍聽到有專家分析中國經濟跟歐美國家不同，不會受海嘯牽連……
六、股價低不代表它不會更低。大概是今年八月，當時中資股股價已大幅回落，我跟一位我尊重的基金經理談天說股，我問他有沒有優質中資股可考慮購入。他向我介紹中海發展，解釋這間公司基本因素甚佳，股價並沒像其他中資股崩潰，甚為「硬淨」，當時股價約20元。中海發展現價6元。最令我困惑的，是到今日我仍覺得這位基金經理的分析沒有錯。
七、許多我們以為是聰明人其實不甚聰明。香港人喜歡以財富來衡量智商（甚至人格），即是財富愈多，人就愈聰明。在未來一段時間，香港的聰明人人口將急降。
八、從今以後，不要再相信入行少於七年的基金經理。去年恆指上升四成，買盈富基金已穩賺四成；稍為進取的基金經理賺七八成毫不稀奇。金融海嘯把基金經理打得人仰馬翻，投資者目睹投資經理的功架是，人贏我贏，人輸我輸。一個經濟盛衰周期至少是五至七年時間，以後考慮投資基金的時候，第一個問題是，請基金經理交出他過去七年的成績表。
九、原來梁錦松沒錯︰「有咁耐風流，有咁耐折墮。」過去的順境寵壞了我們，對許多事情都持有不合理的期望。我們要再適應現實︰贏錢不是必然的，贏到錢很可能是運氣，投資路上荊棘滿途，輸錢深淵無處不在。
十、金錢不代表一切。我三歲的兒子不知道什麼是金融海嘯，他每天開開心心生活，終日幻想自己是管弦樂團指揮，最不開心是媽媽不在他身邊。今天回家，大力擁抱家人，他們最不介意你怎看自己。週末我會走出屋外享受陽光，因為去馬爾代夫的度假計劃無限期押後。
蔡東豪TonyTsoi現任上市公司精電國際行政總裁，港交所上市委員會副主席。他曾任職投資銀行，在《信報》以筆名原復生撰寫財經專欄，對投資及求知有無限渴求，習慣早上四時起床寫作找樂趣。
第壹流金融海嘯我學到的十件事
計算財富的話，我比幾星期前窮了不少。原先計劃五十歲前退休，現在可能要押後五至十年。我寄望醫學會不停進步，到退休時我仍有強健的身體享受人生。凡事要向好的一面看，財富不應眼於金錢，若果以智慧計算，我比幾星期前富有了不少，而這財富誰也不可從我身上拿走。這幾星期眼巴巴看自己的財富蒸發，但那股充滿智慧的感覺是我首次感受到。我要跟大家分享金融海嘯教曉我關於投資的十件事︰
一、所有股票皆危險，不管它是藍籌與否。藍籌股中，我以為和黃的抗跌能力應較高，因為它的多元化業務遍布全球，可分散投資風險。過去三年，和黃股價大多在70元至80元之間徘徊，它現價不足50元。《壹週刊》讀者的愛股宏利，它的股價兩週內跌三成，二三線股慘況更不消提。市盈率低至三至四倍，股息逾十釐的工業股處處可見，投資者執平貨不知從哪開始。
二、BuyAndHold策略潰不成軍。三年前閣下以85元購入長實，其間股價升至155元，假如沒賣出的話，這個理應穩健的長期投資現值72元。或者做一位價值投資者的首要條件是長命，畢菲特78歲仍不停作長期投資，我的退休計劃非自願地延至60歲看來並不過分。
三、所有人都輸錢。我有一位世叔伯退休後全職投資，他不沾手股票，只玩外匯，投資風險屬於穩陣派；他對日圓和澳元特別有心得。他的近況怎樣？我相信不用多說，他已兩星期沒有回覆我電話。
四、金錢不是萬物之惡，債才是。回顧歷史，幾次金融危機的成因都是負債過多，但借錢之前我們總是忽然失憶；銀行借錢給你和追你還錢時嘴臉的分別可以很大。時裝連鎖店佑威被債權人申請清盤，據聞原因是公司無力償還銀行12億元債務。我有個疑問，一間年賺不足一億元的中型公司，怎可以借到12億元？不計還本，每年利息起碼七至八千萬元！這是佑威抑或是銀行的錯？
五、「互不相干」（Decoupling）理論是廢話。發達國家和發展國家，股票和債券，外匯和商品，所有投資工具全線下跌，最需要分散投資發揮效用的時候，它偏偏失靈。把雞蛋放在一個和多個籃的分別原來不大，結果都是輸。我現在仍聽到有專家分析中國經濟跟歐美國家不同，不會受海嘯牽連……
六、股價低不代表它不會更低。大概是今年八月，當時中資股股價已大幅回落，我跟一位我尊重的基金經理談天說股，我問他有沒有優質中資股可考慮購入。他向我介紹中海發展，解釋這間公司基本因素甚佳，股價並沒像其他中資股崩潰，甚為「硬淨」，當時股價約20元。中海發展現價6元。最令我困惑的，是到今日我仍覺得這位基金經理的分析沒有錯。
七、許多我們以為是聰明人其實不甚聰明。香港人喜歡以財富來衡量智商（甚至人格），即是財富愈多，人就愈聰明。在未來一段時間，香港的聰明人人口將急降。
八、從今以後，不要再相信入行少於七年的基金經理。去年恆指上升四成，買盈富基金已穩賺四成；稍為進取的基金經理賺七八成毫不稀奇。金融海嘯把基金經理打得人仰馬翻，投資者目睹投資經理的功架是，人贏我贏，人輸我輸。一個經濟盛衰周期至少是五至七年時間，以後考慮投資基金的時候，第一個問題是，請基金經理交出他過去七年的成績表。
九、原來梁錦松沒錯︰「有咁耐風流，有咁耐折墮。」過去的順境寵壞了我們，對許多事情都持有不合理的期望。我們要再適應現實︰贏錢不是必然的，贏到錢很可能是運氣，投資路上荊棘滿途，輸錢深淵無處不在。
十、金錢不代表一切。我三歲的兒子不知道什麼是金融海嘯，他每天開開心心生活，終日幻想自己是管弦樂團指揮，最不開心是媽媽不在他身邊。今天回家，大力擁抱家人，他們最不介意你怎看自己。週末我會走出屋外享受陽光，因為去馬爾代夫的度假計劃無限期押後。
蔡東豪TonyTsoi現任上市公司精電國際行政總裁，港交所上市委員會副主席。他曾任職投資銀行，在《信報》以筆名原復生撰寫財經專欄，對投資及求知有無限渴求，習慣早上四時起床寫作找樂趣。
2008年10月17日星期五
Buy American. I am. By Warren E. Buffett
This is the text of an opinion piece written by Warren Buffett and published in the New York Times on Friday, October 17, 2008:
Buy American. I am.
By Warren E. Buffett
The financial world is a mess, both in the United States and abroad. Its problems, moreover, have been leaking into the general economy, and the leaks are now turning into a gusher. In the near term, unemployment will rise, business activity will falter and headlines will continue to be scary.
So ... I’ve been buying American stocks. This is my personal account I’m talking about, in which I previously owned nothing but United States government bonds. (This description leaves aside my Berkshire Hathaway holdings, which are all committed to philanthropy.) If prices keep looking attractive, my non-Berkshire net worth will soon be 100 percent in United States equities.
Why?
A simple rule dictates my buying: Be fearful when others are greedy, and be greedy when others are fearful. And most certainly, fear is now widespread, gripping even seasoned investors. To be sure, investors are right to be wary of highly leveraged entities or businesses in weak competitive positions. But fears regarding the long-term prosperity of the nation’s many sound companies make no sense. These businesses will indeed suffer earnings hiccups, as they always have. But most major companies will be setting new profit records 5, 10 and 20 years from now.
Let me be clear on one point: I can’t predict the short-term movements of the stock market. I haven’t the faintest idea as to whether stocks will be higher or lower a month — or a year — from now. What is likely, however, is that the market will move higher, perhaps substantially so, well before either sentiment or the economy turns up. So if you wait for the robins, spring will be over.
A little history here: During the Depression, the Dow hit its low, 41, on July 8, 1932. Economic conditions, though, kept deteriorating until Franklin D. Roosevelt took office in March 1933. By that time, the market had already advanced 30 percent. Or think back to the early days of World War II, when things were going badly for the United States in Europe and the Pacific. The market hit bottom in April 1942, well before Allied fortunes turned. Again, in the early 1980s, the time to buy stocks was when inflation raged and the economy was in the tank. In short, bad news is an investor’s best friend. It lets you buy a slice of America’s future at a marked-down price.
Over the long term, the stock market news will be good. In the 20th century, the United States endured two world wars and other traumatic and expensive military conflicts; the Depression; a dozen or so recessions and financial panics; oil shocks; a flu epidemic; and the resignation of a disgraced president. Yet the Dow rose from 66 to 11,497.
You might think it would have been impossible for an investor to lose money during a century marked by such an extraordinary gain. But some investors did. The hapless ones bought stocks only when they felt comfort in doing so and then proceeded to sell when the headlines made them queasy.
Today people who hold cash equivalents feel comfortable. They shouldn’t. They have opted for a terrible long-term asset, one that pays virtually nothing and is certain to depreciate in value. Indeed, the policies that government will follow in its efforts to alleviate the current crisis will probably prove inflationary and therefore accelerate declines in the real value of cash accounts.
Equities will almost certainly outperform cash over the next decade, probably by a substantial degree. Those investors who cling now to cash are betting they can efficiently time their move away from it later. In waiting for the comfort of good news, they are ignoring Wayne Gretzky’s advice: “I skate to where the puck is going to be, not to where it has been.”
I don’t like to opine on the stock market, and again I emphasize that I have no idea what the market will do in the short term. Nevertheless, I’ll follow the lead of a restaurant that opened in an empty bank building and then advertised: “Put your mouth where your money was.” Today my money and my mouth both say equities.
Warren E. Buffett is the chief executive of Berkshire Hathaway, a diversified holding company.
Buy American. I am.
By Warren E. Buffett
The financial world is a mess, both in the United States and abroad. Its problems, moreover, have been leaking into the general economy, and the leaks are now turning into a gusher. In the near term, unemployment will rise, business activity will falter and headlines will continue to be scary.
So ... I’ve been buying American stocks. This is my personal account I’m talking about, in which I previously owned nothing but United States government bonds. (This description leaves aside my Berkshire Hathaway holdings, which are all committed to philanthropy.) If prices keep looking attractive, my non-Berkshire net worth will soon be 100 percent in United States equities.
Why?
A simple rule dictates my buying: Be fearful when others are greedy, and be greedy when others are fearful. And most certainly, fear is now widespread, gripping even seasoned investors. To be sure, investors are right to be wary of highly leveraged entities or businesses in weak competitive positions. But fears regarding the long-term prosperity of the nation’s many sound companies make no sense. These businesses will indeed suffer earnings hiccups, as they always have. But most major companies will be setting new profit records 5, 10 and 20 years from now.
Let me be clear on one point: I can’t predict the short-term movements of the stock market. I haven’t the faintest idea as to whether stocks will be higher or lower a month — or a year — from now. What is likely, however, is that the market will move higher, perhaps substantially so, well before either sentiment or the economy turns up. So if you wait for the robins, spring will be over.
A little history here: During the Depression, the Dow hit its low, 41, on July 8, 1932. Economic conditions, though, kept deteriorating until Franklin D. Roosevelt took office in March 1933. By that time, the market had already advanced 30 percent. Or think back to the early days of World War II, when things were going badly for the United States in Europe and the Pacific. The market hit bottom in April 1942, well before Allied fortunes turned. Again, in the early 1980s, the time to buy stocks was when inflation raged and the economy was in the tank. In short, bad news is an investor’s best friend. It lets you buy a slice of America’s future at a marked-down price.
Over the long term, the stock market news will be good. In the 20th century, the United States endured two world wars and other traumatic and expensive military conflicts; the Depression; a dozen or so recessions and financial panics; oil shocks; a flu epidemic; and the resignation of a disgraced president. Yet the Dow rose from 66 to 11,497.
You might think it would have been impossible for an investor to lose money during a century marked by such an extraordinary gain. But some investors did. The hapless ones bought stocks only when they felt comfort in doing so and then proceeded to sell when the headlines made them queasy.
Today people who hold cash equivalents feel comfortable. They shouldn’t. They have opted for a terrible long-term asset, one that pays virtually nothing and is certain to depreciate in value. Indeed, the policies that government will follow in its efforts to alleviate the current crisis will probably prove inflationary and therefore accelerate declines in the real value of cash accounts.
Equities will almost certainly outperform cash over the next decade, probably by a substantial degree. Those investors who cling now to cash are betting they can efficiently time their move away from it later. In waiting for the comfort of good news, they are ignoring Wayne Gretzky’s advice: “I skate to where the puck is going to be, not to where it has been.”
I don’t like to opine on the stock market, and again I emphasize that I have no idea what the market will do in the short term. Nevertheless, I’ll follow the lead of a restaurant that opened in an empty bank building and then advertised: “Put your mouth where your money was.” Today my money and my mouth both say equities.
Warren E. Buffett is the chief executive of Berkshire Hathaway, a diversified holding company.
訂閱：
文章 (Atom)